Enhanced capability of metal forming simulation tools - a pioneering approach to simulate real process behavior

Among the many input parameters of a forging process (for a multi-stage process one can count more than 200 different inputs!) the following important inputs shall be mentioned: Forging Material characteristics (flow curve = f(temperature, strain, strain rate, micro-structure) Influence of heat coefficients Friction type and friction value as well as lubrication Heat transfer Ambient media and heat radiation Stock dimensions Initial temperatures and kind of heating device Process kinematics Set-up heights of process stages condition of dies (new, re-worked, worn) condition of forging device (stiffness, backlash, new guides, worn equipment)